点评:The so-called "Firmafede" fortress, although it isn't the first built on the site (there was a previous fortress, built by the Pisans), however appears as a construction built from scratch, on the basis of a unitary project, with architectural features typical of the transition between the Middle Ages and the early modern age. The project actually dates back to the occupation of Sarzana by the Florentine State (1487-1494), although it's possible that part of the project was carried out later, by the Genoese when they regained possession of the town.
The current entrance to the fortress doesn't allow you to immediately understand the structure of the building. However, the visitor gradually verifies that the large rectangular courtyard which is accessed (we later learn from the illustrated plan of the Fortress that it once housed the soldiers and horses of the garrison) is lined on its left - therefore to the west - by a perfect square courtyard, smaller in size , but having an essential functions because at its center stands, isolated, the mighty round keep.
The entire complex (rectangle + square + a further, narrow rectangular courtyard to the north of the keep) is surrounded by walls and defended at the corners by four round and equally powerful towers, which bear the names of saints. A fifth tower is located on a southern appendage of the fortress, a sort of "peninsula", defended by two ravelins.
The visitor currently has access to the various courtyards, to the outside of some towers, and to the large and evocative underground areas; but not to other interiors and above all not to the keep: this is because the MudeF or Museum of Fortresses, which is located here, is closed for maintenance work. And this necessarily somewhat diminishes the interest of the visit.
翻译:所谓的“Firmafede”堡垒,虽然不是该地点的第一个堡垒(之前有一座堡垒,由比萨人建造),但看起来是一个在单一项目的基础上从头开始建造的建筑,具有中世纪和现代早期过渡时期的典型建筑特征。该项目实际上可以追溯到佛罗伦萨州占领萨尔扎纳(1487-1494),尽管该项目的一部分可能是后来由热那亚人重新占领该镇后实施的。
目前的要塞入口并不能让你立即了解建筑的结构。然而,参观者逐渐证实,所进入的大矩形庭院(我们后来从要塞的平面图中得知,它曾经居住着驻军的士兵和马匹)在其左侧(因此在西侧)排列着一个完美的方形庭院,面积较小,但具有重要的功能,因为在它的中心矗立着孤立的强大的圆形城堡。
整个建筑群(长方形+正方形+要塞北面的一个更狭窄的长方形庭院)被围墙包围,四角有四座同样强大的圆形塔楼防御,塔楼上刻有圣人的名字。第五座塔楼位于要塞的南部附属物上,有点像“半岛”,由两座城堡守卫。
游客目前可以进入各个庭院、一些塔楼的外部以及大型且令人回味的地下区域;但其他内部空间不可以,尤其是城堡:这是因为位于此处的 MudeF 或堡垒博物馆因维护工作而关闭。这必然会在一定程度上降低访问的兴趣。