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How much that is truly Etruscan can be found in the so-called "Etruscan Arch"?
Arco Etrusco的点评
点评：Because we are accustomed to viewing underground tombs — or structures that, even when "built" (as at Cerveteri), resemble caverns — as the primary surviving evidence of Etruscan construction skills, we tend to assume that little or nothing of the architecture they created "for the living" has come down to us. A ready explanation is often offered: given the abundance of timber in their lands, the Etruscans largely followed Greek architectural models but executed them in wood: hence, it's only logical that nothing has survived. This applies both to religious structures and to ordinary dwellings. As further proof, consider Volterra, ie an Etruscan city that was, at the time, even more significant than Perugia; it retains only the arch of an Etruscan city gate, one far less striking than this example.
Then, faced with a monumental gateway such as this, one might be inclined to think that it bears the label "Etruscan" in name only, and that it's, in reality, Roman.
Yet, in this instance, such an assumption would be incorrect. Not only the gateway and its arch, but also the massive trapezoidal towers flanking it, bear clear witness to their Etruscan — rather than Roman — origins.
In fact, they are constructed from huge blocks stacked one atop another; held in place solely by gravity rather than mortar: this technique is characteristic of Etruscan masonry. Furthermore — as eg reported on the "SecretUmbria" website — the blocks feature incised letters of the Etruscan alphabet: these are "quarry marks", which "indicated the specific construction sites in Perugia to which the individual blocks were to be delivered".
Then, of course, other features are to be attributed to Roman additions: such as the inscription “Augusta Perusia” carved onto the outer facade of the entrance arch; as well as a framework featuring shield-shaped medallions alternating with half-pilasters topped by Ionic capitals.
As for the small loggia on the tower to the left of the arch, it dates to the 16th century, as does the fountain built against that same tower.
The fact remains that, given its imposing scaleand its beauty — and setting aside the sublime necropolises well known to everyone (foremost among them those at Cerveteri and Tarquinia — this arch stands by far as the most significant architectural testament to the Etruscans to have survived to the present day.
Then, faced with a monumental gateway such as this, one might be inclined to think that it bears the label "Etruscan" in name only, and that it's, in reality, Roman.
Yet, in this instance, such an assumption would be incorrect. Not only the gateway and its arch, but also the massive trapezoidal towers flanking it, bear clear witness to their Etruscan — rather than Roman — origins.
In fact, they are constructed from huge blocks stacked one atop another; held in place solely by gravity rather than mortar: this technique is characteristic of Etruscan masonry. Furthermore — as eg reported on the "SecretUmbria" website — the blocks feature incised letters of the Etruscan alphabet: these are "quarry marks", which "indicated the specific construction sites in Perugia to which the individual blocks were to be delivered".
Then, of course, other features are to be attributed to Roman additions: such as the inscription “Augusta Perusia” carved onto the outer facade of the entrance arch; as well as a framework featuring shield-shaped medallions alternating with half-pilasters topped by Ionic capitals.
As for the small loggia on the tower to the left of the arch, it dates to the 16th century, as does the fountain built against that same tower.
The fact remains that, given its imposing scaleand its beauty — and setting aside the sublime necropolises well known to everyone (foremost among them those at Cerveteri and Tarquinia — this arch stands by far as the most significant architectural testament to the Etruscans to have survived to the present day.
翻译：由于我们习惯将地下墓穴——或者那些即便经过“建造”（比如在切尔维泰里）仍酷似洞穴的建筑物——视为伊特鲁里亚人建筑技艺得以留存的主要证据，因此我们往往认定：他们为“活人”所建造的建筑物几乎没有什么留存至今。人们常给出的解释是：由于当地木材资源丰富，伊特鲁里亚人虽然效仿了希腊的建筑模式，但却用木材来加以实现；正因如此……什么都没有保存下来，这也在情理之中。无论是宗教建筑还是普通民居都是如此。作为进一步的佐证，可以看看沃尔泰拉——这座伊特鲁里亚城市在当时的地位甚至高于佩鲁贾；如今那里只保留了一座伊特鲁里亚城门的拱门，而且其壮观程度远不及此例。
那么，面对这样一座宏伟的城门，人们或许会认为它只是名义上属于“伊特鲁里亚”风格，实际上却是罗马风格的。在这种情况下，这样的推测是错误的。不仅是大门及其拱门，就连两侧巨大的梯形塔楼也明确显示出它们源于伊特鲁里亚而非罗马。实际上，这些建筑是由巨大的石块层层堆叠而成，仅依靠重力来固定，并未使用灰浆——这种工艺正是伊特鲁里亚石工技术的典型特征。此外——正如“SecretUmbria”网站所报道的那样——这些石块上刻有伊特鲁里亚字母：这些就是“采石场标记”，它们“指明了每块石块应被运送至佩鲁贾的具体施工地点”。
当然，还有别的。其他特征则应归功于罗马时期的增建：比如刻在入口拱门外立面上的“Augusta Perusia”铭文；还有由盾形装饰浮雕与顶部带有爱奥尼式柱头的半壁柱交替排列而成的结构。
至于拱门左侧塔楼上的小凉廊，以及建于同一塔楼旁的喷泉，均为16世纪时的产物。
事实就是如此。鉴于其宏大的规模与卓越的美感——暂且不提那些举世闻名的宏伟墓群（其中尤以切尔韦特里和塔尔奎尼亚的墓群最为著名）——这座拱门无疑是迄今为止留存下来的、最能体现伊特鲁里亚人建筑成就的标志性遗迹。
那么，面对这样一座宏伟的城门，人们或许会认为它只是名义上属于“伊特鲁里亚”风格，实际上却是罗马风格的。在这种情况下，这样的推测是错误的。不仅是大门及其拱门，就连两侧巨大的梯形塔楼也明确显示出它们源于伊特鲁里亚而非罗马。实际上，这些建筑是由巨大的石块层层堆叠而成，仅依靠重力来固定，并未使用灰浆——这种工艺正是伊特鲁里亚石工技术的典型特征。此外——正如“SecretUmbria”网站所报道的那样——这些石块上刻有伊特鲁里亚字母：这些就是“采石场标记”，它们“指明了每块石块应被运送至佩鲁贾的具体施工地点”。
当然，还有别的。其他特征则应归功于罗马时期的增建：比如刻在入口拱门外立面上的“Augusta Perusia”铭文；还有由盾形装饰浮雕与顶部带有爱奥尼式柱头的半壁柱交替排列而成的结构。
至于拱门左侧塔楼上的小凉廊，以及建于同一塔楼旁的喷泉，均为16世纪时的产物。
事实就是如此。鉴于其宏大的规模与卓越的美感——暂且不提那些举世闻名的宏伟墓群（其中尤以切尔韦特里和塔尔奎尼亚的墓群最为著名）——这座拱门无疑是迄今为止留存下来的、最能体现伊特鲁里亚人建筑成就的标志性遗迹。
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